Graig and Olga Pedigree Project

Questions

1.Do autosomal dominant disorders skip generation? No because you have to get it form your parents genes. You can't passing it down unless you carry it.

2.Could Greg or his mother be carriers of the gene that causes myotonic dystrophy? Myotonic Dystrophy is a dominant gene so no.

3. Is there a possibility that Greg’s aunt or uncle is homozygous for the myotonic dystrophy (MD) gene? Both of them have it so no.

4.Symptoms of myotonic dystrophy sometimes don’t show up until after age fifty. What is the possibility that Greg’s cousin has inherited the MD gene? Graig's cousin has 50% chance of having it.

5.What is the possibility that Greg and Olga’s children could inherit the MD gene? The children can't get it becauseit is dominant. 

6.What are the hallmarks of an autosomal recessive trait? Skips generations and happens in both females and males.

7.What does consanguineous mean? Why is this concept especially important when discussing recessive genetic disorders? Consanguineous means you have relation with a past relative. Recessive skips generations and its important to know if you could have the trait or not.

8.What is it about the inheritance pattern of factor VIII deficiency seen in Greg and Olga’s pedigree that point toward it not being an autosomal recessive trait? It has only happened to 2 people in two different generations. The one before Greg and Greg’s brother in the next Generation.

Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer
 Ductal and Lobular carcinomas are the main two types of breast cancer. They are start very different but, typically end the same. Ductal is started in the place that moves milk to the edge of the nipple called a duct. Lobular is started in the place in the breast that produces milk. The causes of Breast Cancer are essentially Age, Gender, family history, physical strain, and/or genes. In age the risk of breast cancer is immensely increased because the ducts are starting to wear off which in turn typically causes the cancer. When people in your family have had breast cancer you are 20-30% at a greater risk of inheriting it. The defects of the genes that can usually hold the cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. If your parent has that gene you have a 80% chance that you will get the same gene. Woman have an increased risk of breast cancer if they have their period before age 12 or after the age of 55. Other risks include Alcoholism, childbirth, DES, hormone replacement therapy, and radiation. 85% of people with this cancer have at least one mutated gene. Two inherited genes that are sometimes mutated are BRCA1 and BRCA2 and if you have them you have an 80% chance of getting breast cancer. Ways you can prevent breast cancer or any cancer for that matter are limited alcohol, stay healthy, exercise more, and detect cancer in a early stage.



There are many symptoms of breast cancer which include...
Lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm that persists through the menstrual cycle.
A mass or lump, which may feel as small as a pea.
A change in the size, shape, or contour of the breast.
A blood-stained or clear fluid discharge from the nipple.
A change in the feel or appearance of the skin on the breast or nipple (dimpled, puckered, scaly, or inflamed).
Redness of the skin on the breast or nipple.
A change in shape or position of the nipple
An area that is distinctly different from any other area on either breast.
A marble-like hardened area under the skin.

Did you know...
-Men can get breast cancer.
-More women carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes then men.
-Typically more Hispanic women get it than any other race.
-Preventions are very helpful so use them to your advantage.

Eugenics Project

This is information on Eugenics and the links below is where I wrote everything. They are the same thong just in different forms.

https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1SUasHRzp8lcHd15qIMKKaKO5J9Xk3UoLMtJMNiO8_rQ

https://docs.google.com/a/lajunta.k12.co.us/document/d/1SUasHRzp8lcHd15qIMKKaKO5J9Xk3UoLMtJMNiO8_rQ/edit

Stem Cell Webquest

What are stem cells and why are they important? Stem cells have a amazing rate of growing into a lot of different cell types during early life and growth. The are used as sort of a defensive/repair system in the body that they live in. They do not have a limit of helping the body while it is still alive. Every stem cell can create either two stem cells, two specialized cells, or one specialized and stem cell. By specialized cell I mean any cell that helps or destroys things in the body. Such as a lung cell or a liver cell that goes and helps the organs.

Webquest Key Terms

Cell-based therapies- Treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or destroyed cells or tissues.

Differentiation- The process whereby an unspecialized embryonic cell acquires the features of a specialized cell such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. Differentiation is controlled by the interaction of a cell's genes with the physical and chemical conditions outside the cell, usually through signaling pathways involving proteins embedded in the cell surface.

Embryonic stem cell line-Embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years.

Proliferation- Expansion of the number of cells by the continuous division of single cells into two identical daughter cells.

Plasticity- The capacity of organisms with the same genotype to vary in developmental pattern, in phenotype, or in behavior according to varying environmental conditions.

Pluripotent- Not fixed as to developmental potentialities, capable of differentiating into one of many cell types.

Did my questions on the link below

https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1W7QyyyXwecn4TaEynD81k4OxoWiyCPjeeR0VGN7Wxvs